El cráneo atribuido a Hitler por los rusos corresponde a una mujer

La historia de la muerte de Hitler tendrá que reescribirse como un misterio, y los teóricos de la conspiración podrán volver a especular con que Hitler no murió en el búnker después de todo

EP | MADRID

Adolf Hitler pudo no haberse disparado a sí mismo y quizás ni siquiera murió en su búnker. Un fragmento de cráneo supuestamente del Führer y que era conservado desde hace décadas por los rusos ha resultado ser en realidad de una mujer de unos 40 años, de acuerdo con nuevos estudios de ADN.

Científicos e historiadores han discutido durante largo tiempo sobre la autenticidad de lo que era prueba concluyente de que Hitler se disparó en la cabeza después de tomar una píldora de cianida el 30 de abril de 1945 para evitar caer en manos de los soviéticos. El trozo de cráneo, que presenta un agujero de bala, había sido sacada del búnker de Hitler por el ejército ruso y fue preservada por la Inteligencia Soviética.

Ahora, la historia de la muerte de Hitler tendrá que reescribirse como un misterio, y los teóricos de la conspiración podrán volver a especular con que Hitler no murió en el búnker después de todo.

La historia tradicional es que Hitler se suicidó junto con Eva Braun mientras los rusos bombardeaban Berlín. Aunque algunos historiadores dudaron de que se disparase a sí mismo y sugirieron que se trataba de propaganda nazi para hacerle un héroe, el agujero en el fragmento de cráneo parecía consolidar la teoría inicial cuando fue presentado en Moscú en el año 2000. Pero análisis de ADN realizados ahora por investigadores estadounidenses cambían todo.

«Sabemos que el cráneo corresponde a una mujer de entre 20 y 40 años» ha declarado la arqueóloga de la Universidad de Connecticut, Nick Bellantoni. «Los huesos parecían muy finos. Los huesos de varón tienden a ser más robustos. Y las suturas donde su juntan las placas del cráneo parecen corresponder a alguien con menos de 40 años, cuando Hitler tenía 56 cuando murió", explicó, según publica el rotativo británico Daily Mail.

El profesor Bellantoni voló a Moscú para tomar muestras de ADM de los Archivos del Estado donde también se conservan los restos de sangre hallados en el sofá del búnker donde se cree que Hitler y Brown murieron juntos. «Yo tenía la referencia de fotos que los soviéticos tomaron del sofá en 1945 y estuve viendo extacamente los mismos restos en los fragmentos de madera y tela que tenía ante mí. Asi que supe que estaba trabajando en el camino adecuado», dijo.

En la imagen, el hasta ahora supuesto cráneo de Hitler / ABC

Restos en MoscúTodos los restos de Hitler trasladados a Moscú al término de la guerra fueron almacenados en secreto durante décadas, hasta que en 1970 el KGB los incineró y arrojó las cenizas a un río.

Unicamente la mandíbula, el fragmento de cráneo y los trozos de sofá impregnados con restos de sangre fueron preservados hasta nuestros días.

Bellantoni estudió los restos tras volar a Moscú para inspeccionar los truculentos restos de Hitler en los archivos del Estado. Sólo se le permitió estudiarlos durante una hora, tiempo durante el que obtuvo muestras de ADN, para su traslado posterior a su laboratorio en Connecticut.

En el centro de genética aplicada, se aplicaron técnicas propias de medicina forense aplicadas al esclarecimiento de crímenes. Para su sopresa, una pequeña cantidad de ADN viable fue extraída.

Entonces, lo replicó a través de un proceso conocido como copia molecular para proporcionar suficiente material dedicado al análisis.

ABC.es

Italian far-right on Facebook: "kill them all in Zingonia"

Snapped in a supermarket in San Marino, Italy:
the tourists that took the shot were so scandalised
that they created a Facebook protest group

On Facebook, the group ‘Let’s invade Zingonia and kill them all’ has gathered 700 members. Volunteer teacher Miriam talks about how spiralling anti-immigrant rhetoric is making life difficult for Italy’s new arrivals

‘What’s Zingonia?’ Miriam Franchina lives five kilometres from Italy’s most notorious ghetto, and it’s not a question she’s asked too often. ‘It’s a place forgotten by god. But we Milanese cannot forget about it, and nor can the people living there.’ Zingonia was conceived as a utopia, a model city equipped with its own hospital, a hotel and parks. There are few who would holiday there now. ‘It ended up a Bronx,’ says Miriam. ‘If you asked my parent’s they’d say it was a hot-bed of terroni (southern Italian immigrants - ed). But any Italians have now moved out.’ The tumble-down palazzi are now inhabited by people of African and Asian origin.

Soldiers and police outside a kebab shop in Zingonia

Miriam volunteers as an Italian language teacher. Most of her students live in Zingonia. They come after twelve hour shifts working in Milan ‘to broach syllables, articles and verbs.’ Ali is an Egyptian bricklayer with a degree in psychology, whose father was a political opponent to Mubarak. Jaspreet walked from the Punjab across Russia, entering Italy on foot. Asma left Morocco to follow her Senegalese love; her family wouldn’t let her marry a black man. ‘She was sent back in a coffin after being knocked down on her way to work, biking there at 4am regardless of the chronic lack of bicycle lanes. The last I knew of her was a two line obituary in the local paper.’

Before the infection spreads

The centre of Zingonia is Piazza Affari. The square is named after the stock exchange in Milan, but the only trading going on now is rather more illicit. Prostitution is open. ‘Once you make it clear you’re not here for drugs you have to put up with a lot of glances,’ Miriam says. ‘Well, maybe these Moroccans and Pakistanis are just sexually-repressed, or more likely they’re wondering why the hell an Italian is walking among them, trying to make contact with them.’ Lombardy has traditionally voted to the right, but recent years have seen the rise of a particularly extreme right-wing political movement, the Lega Nord (‘Northern League’). The party is no fringe group; their support was crucial to Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi’s victory in the last elections. In 2008 the Lega launched a campaign ‘to clean out Zingonia, before it infects the nearby towns’, setting up an election stall in the middle of Piazza Affari.

The Lega Nord has been behind a swathe of eccentric anti-immigrant measures across northern Italy. Kebab shops have been banned from Capriate. In the north-eastern region of Friuli Venezia Giulia, the Lega has pushed for ambulances not to be made available to non-citizens. Their deputy, Matteo Savini, has gone as far as to demand that the seats on the Milan metro be reserved for the Milanese.

Wearing of the so-called ‘burkini’, the swimming costume that preserves islamic modesty, is punishable by a 500 euro (£438) fine in Verona. When questioned about the law, the mayor Gianluca Buonanno commented that ‘muslims can choose to swim in their own bathtubs.’ Giancarlo Gentilini, one of the Lega’s most well known members, expressed a wish for the ‘elimination’ of ‘gypsy children’ and the ‘ethnic cleansing’ of ‘faggots’. In September 2008, he called for a ‘revolution against those who want to open mosques, phone centres and foreign shops.’ Such outbursts have done nothing to dent his popularity with the electorate; he served the maximum two terms as mayor of Treviso and is now the deputy mayor. As mayor, he is notorious for his decision to remove all the benches from the local park to ‘stop immigrants from gathering on them.’ The water and electrity of the Treviso mosque was cut off on the first day of ramadan in 2009.

CaféBabel.com

Trade of Nazi propaganda is booming in Poland

Punishable in Germany, legal in Poland: SS badges, swastikas, t-shirts illustrated with extreme-right symbolism and far-right music are sold in border markets on the Oder and Neisse. Poland is the biggest producer of nazi propaganda in Europe. Although the marketing of political goals is forbidden, trade with Nazi devotees is not

by n- ost

Translation: Steven Lydon

In the obscure stands of a market in Küstrin on the Oder, t-shirts are emblazoned with the words Deutsche Wut (German fury). Pictures of soldiers in the armed forces are placed beside the text. Next to the heads of decapitated SS members, other tricots are adorned with messages from the extreme-right music group Landser. They cost five euro. ‘These are clothes for teenagers,’ Marian Kalicki, the stand’s owner, casually interjects. He says that he had no idea that Landser are the first band in Germany to be labelled a ‘criminal association’ by the federal court of justice. Or that the band leader was jailed for three years for sedition.

A man in the neighbouring stand sells counterfeit Thor Steinar clothing. In Germany, the brand is a symbol of the extreme-right movement. In April 2008, civic protests in Frankfurt on the Oder led to the close of a branch in Frankfurter Bahnhofsplatz. The proprietors will hear nothing of it, and look forward to having new customers from the other side of the Oder. The same goes for the owners of a neighbouring kiosk, who sell music and DVDs: the Landser albums Rock against the System and The Empire will Return are displayed unabashedly at the front of the display table, next to traditional saxon melodies.

Both covers are illustrated with soldiers of the armed forces in the midst of battle. One CD costs twelve euro. ‘Illegal products are expensive,’ explains the stall owner, who plays Landser on his CD player without a moment’s hesitation. Provocative texts wave from these stands all the way up to the shops in Boguslaw. He has been selling SS-symbols, swastikas and busts of Hitler for six years. Poland is the biggest European producer of historical and imitation objects from the Nazi period.

Most customers come from East Germany. The federal police repeatedly confiscate objects that display symbols which are forbidden in Germany. The Polish press reports on production halls in Breslau, where thousands of commemorative Nazi replicas are produced. In west Poland alone, there are two stitching rooms dedicated to the production of Nazi uniforms. In July 2008, Brandenburg’s home secretary Jörg Schönbohm (CDU) asked the Polish government to halt the production and trade of Nazi memorabilia.

But not much has happened in the mean time. ‘The Police have begun surveillance, but no investigations have been carried out by the Department of Public Prosecution,’ says Artur Chorazy, spokesman for the police in Gorzów. He refers to Polish law, where only the circulation of Nazi propaganda for political goals is forbidden, but not its trade. Lawyers talk about a loophole in the Polish legal system.

CaféBabel.com

Holocaust denier Irving sparks new controversy over interview with Spanish newspaper

By DAILY MAIL REPORTER

Eminent historians, as well as the state of Israel, have condemned a Spanish newspaper for publishing an interview with Holocaust denier David Irving as part of its World War II coverage. El Mundo's interview, which they say is justified by freedom of expression, saw Irving make statements such as: 'The Holocaust is just a slogan, a product like Kleenex or Xerox printers. ''They've turned it into a commercial phenomenon, and succeeded in making money out of it - producing films about it which have made millions,' he said.

Israeli ambassador Raphael Schutz called Irving a 'con man' and called it an insult to free speech, legitimate historians and to those reading it.

Irving went on: 'Until the 1970s [the Holocaust] was just a speck of dust on the horizon. The proof is that it doesn't appear in any of the biographies of the great leaders of the Second World War. But from then on it became fashionable. 'The Jews turned it into a brand, using the same technique as Goebbels. They invented a slogan... and repeated it ad nauseam. 'In the past, Irving has said he believed the figure of 6million Jews murdered by the Nazis was an exaggeration.

When asked by El Mundo about this, he said: 'I'm not interested in figures. I don't count bodies. I'm not all that interested in the Holocaust.' He also denied that Hitler was to blame for what occurred during the Second World War, or that he wanted to exterminate the Jews. 'Hitler was a simple man constantly deceived by his subordinates', he said. He added: 'In Hitler's speeches there is only one anti-Semitic sentence. Something about "when the war begins, I want the Jews to suffer". But that's just a stereotypical expression.' Instead, Irving blames Churchill for the war because he 'was in the hands of the Jews'.

Avner Shalev, the director of Israel's Holocaust Museum, wrote to El Mundo to complain about the interview. He said: 'There are subjects about that don't permit a 'for' and 'against'. The paper gives legitimacy to a man who doesn't deserve it... It is inconceivable that a serious newspaper should provide a platform for anti-Semitism.'

Hitler was a simple man for ever being hoodwinked by his subordinates.

David IrvingBritish historian. Shunned by most of his colleagues.

Son of a professional illustrator and Royal Navy officer, he worked as a young man at the Torrejón air base [of US Strategic Air Command outside Madrid] as a clerk-stenographer, (marrying the Spaniard Pilar Stuyck -- from whom he separated in 1981), and as a steel worker in the Ruhr, and then as a night watchman on a construction site in London [the New Commonwealth Institute]. There he wrote his first book, The Destruction of Dresden. This gave him fame and academic prestige until his more or less pro-Nazi ideas began to emerge. [In 1977] he published Hitler's War (Spanish edition: Planeta, 1989), a book in which he placed the reader in the dictator's shoes and suggested that he knew nothing of the Holocaust. The work has been noisily criticized by other historians, who consider it inaccurate and intellectually dishonest. Over the years his views about the Holocaust have varied. He has never denied that it happened, but has questioned its importance. This was the reason for his conviction in Austria in 2006 where he spent nine [sic. fourteen] months in prison. He spent them writing memoirs and a biography of Himmler which will appear next year. Since the early 1990s he has no publishers. He publishes his own works and sells them on the Internet with the help of fans. He lives in a country house near to Windsor. He spent the summer speaking from coast to coast in the United States.

THE FIRST surprising thing about David Irving is that he drives too fast. As if he had somebody at his tail. It's less surprising that his home is filled with files and microfilms. He is an historian, after all. Or at least so he says. Our conversation takes places in his garden - marked by the noise of the planes landing and taking off Heathrow.

Irving drinks a lot of coffee. The girl who prepares it is called Gabriela. He prefers to call her Miss Peru.

Q -  Had Hitler not existed, would there have been WWII?
A - Of course. In the '30s the war was inevitable, but not because of the Nazis, because Europe had ill-fitting frontiers. Churchill occupied himself with the Nazis only from 1936 on. And he did that because he was helped into power by the Jews of London.
Q - How is it possible that you are the only historian who says this?
A - Because it's not politically correct to say it. Only Mel Gibson says it.
Q - Don't digress. I've asked you about WWII. Would it have been possible without Hitler?
A - Yes. Then again, Hitler only wanted a small war: to absorb Austria and the Sudetenland and then provoke Poland by taking Danzig. But then after a while he realized that the war wasn't going to be a short one.
Q - You have once stated that Churchill was as bad as Hitler.
A - What I did say is that Hitler, Churchill, Roosevelt, and Truman are all burning in the same hell.
Q - That is, in your opinion they were all equally bad.
A - Of course. They had no respect whatsoever for human life. The real crime of WWII was not genocide; it was what I call innocenticide. The killing of innocent people. The murder of the Jews was a crime not because they were Jews, but because they were innocent. But the Jews don't want to hear this, because it lets the Holocaust stop being something special.
Q - You mean that there were Jews who were not innocent?
A - What I mean is that their murder was a crime because they were innocent. Do you want to say that all Jews are innocent? Because in every segment of the population there are elements that tend toward the criminal, and the Jews are no exception.
Q - You put Churchill and Hitler on the same plane, then.
A - I've read Churchill's papers, and I remember what he told the officers planning the invasion of France in spring '44. The generals told him that a lot of [French] civilians were going to die and he answered, "How many?" - They told him "About 10,000" And Churchill said, "Okay. That's the tariff they have to pay." To Churchill, human life was irrelevant. Think about the calculated brutality of the bombing of Dresden.
Q - And Hitler, wasn't he more bloodthirsty?
A - The key question is how much Hitler knew about what Himmler and his SS were up to. And the answer is that Himmler took very great care not to tell him anything. On one occasion Himmler's chief of staff, Karl Wolff, found him depressed and asked him "What's the matter?" - And he answered, "I am doing something that the Messiah of the coming 2000 years must never know." By "the Messiah", he was alluding to Hitler.
Q - But why hide the Holocaust from Hitler, if they both had the same goal of exterminating the Jews?
A - The allegation that the Nazi leader sought to exterminate the Jews is a propaganda lie. In Hitler's speeches he just repeated the one anti-Semitic utterance. Something about "if they ever begin a world war, the Jews will be the ones to suffer". But it was always the same stereotype expression.
Q - Do you mean that Hitler was the only innocent in the Nazi circles of power?
A - Hitler was the Head of State, and because of that, he was accountable for what was happening. But one can be both accountable and ignorant. Hitler was a simple man constantly deceived by his subordinates.
Q - But you do accept that the Nazis wanted to exterminate the Jews.
A - Goebbels and Himmler, yes. But it would be interesting to know why neither the UK nor Sweden nor any other country wanted to accept Europe's Jews? And for that matter also why when Germany asked the Hungarians, the Rumanians, and the Slovaks if they might take care of their Jews, all willingly agreed. Even if as I suppose the mere fact of raising these questions makes me an anti-Semite.
Q - Are you?
A - I try not to be one.
Q - Are you or are you not one?
A - I try not to be one, but believe me, it's not easy.
Q - In a nutshell, your thesis is that Hitler was a good guy, but he was surrounded by bad people.
A - Hitler himself said, nearing the end of his days, that National Socialism was good but he had trusted the wrong people.
Q - And that is also what you believe?
A - I am not interested in politics. National Socialism worked well in Germany, but I am not sure it would be as successful in other countries.
Q - Has Hitler become a scapegoat for the Germans?
A - He has proved useful to many people because he is dead.
Q - How do you explain, that no historians except you say that the real holocaust did not take place in Auschwitz?
A - Because they all copy each other. To jump those rails would condemn them to jail, retribution, and poverty, which is what happened to me.
Q - Are you a Nazi?
A - That's what they say, but it's not true. The only thing that matters to me is that in a thousand [actually said: hundred] years people won't buy Ian Kershaw's orAndrew Roberts' books, but mine. Because I write Real History.
Q - Wouldn't it be less pretentious to say that what you tell is nothing more than just one version of the facts?
A - I always encourage my listeners to read other authors too. I am a very liberal guy.
Q - Was Hitler a democratically elected leader or a tyrant?
A - There comes a moment when even a tyrant is unable to rule without the people's support. Hitler had that support until the very end. In part that was because of Goebbels' propaganda.
Q - What about Churchill? Was he a tyrant?
A - He was a corrupt politician. He did what the Jews told him to do, and he replacedNeville Chamberlain, who was a man of peace. He pushed the UK into the war and destroyed the British Empire. Churchill was in the hands of the Jews, and if he'd surrendered [actually said: accepted Hitler's 1940 peace offer] he'd have gone down in history as a failure. People would have laughed at him. The war was a personal matter to Churchill.
Q - So should he have done a deal with Hitler?
A - Of course. We were very close to ending the war in 1940 and then there probably would not have been any Holocaust. Because you can do such things only under cover of the smoke of war.
Q - Do you think that the figure of Six Million murdered Jews is exaggerated?
A - I'm not interested in figures. "I don't do body-counts." Nor am I all that interested in the Holocaust. I am interested in Himmler. A man who died at age 44, built an enormous industrial empire, raised the Waffen SS out of nothing, and was the architect of the Holocaust. What an "achievement" for a man of forty-four.
Q - You will agree with me that the people responsible for the Holocaust are not the Jews, but their killers.
A - The problem is that you can't even ask in public whether they were not the architects of their own destruction, because asking that you would land you in jail. That's why no-one asks, no-one answers; and it'll all end up again just as in the 1930s. That's what I want to prevent. I am a humanitarian person.
Q - Do you believe that the Holocaust is just a footnote in history books?
A - Until the 1970s it was just a blip on the horizon. The proof of that is that it doesn't figure in any of the biographies of the great leaders of the Second World War. But since then it has become fashionable. The Jews have marketed it as a brand, using the same techniques as Dr Goebbels. They have invented a slogan... and repeat it ad nauseam.
Q - In other words, in your opinion the Holocaust is nothing more than a slogan.
A - A slogan yes. The Holocaust has become just a slogan, a brand-name like Kleenex or Xerox printers. Until the 1970s it was just a haphazard concept, one which included gas chambers, shootings, deportations, slavery... It was a horrific phenomenon, but it was not commercially marketable. They've turned it into a commercial phenomenon, and succeeded in making money out of it - producing films about it which have made millions.
Q - You've been accused of absolving Hitler.
A - I take the uncertainty out of History.
Q - But you used to say that you had to identify with him. Do you consider yourself an admirer of Hitler?
A - I admire him because he persevered. In the same sense that I admire Hillary Clinton in her perseverance in pursuing the presidency of the United States. Hitler had ranged against him the most powerful armies in the whole world, but he decided to resist until the end. And had the war lasted another year, he would have - not won, but he would have not lost either. By 1945 the British and the Americans were heartily tired of the war, and they would not have wanted to go on any longer.
Q - Was Nazism a step backwards for civilization?
A - In some things, yes. For instance, there was nobody controlling the police. But maybe such a regime needs the police to be able to conduct its social experiments.
Q - What kind of experiments?
A - Those regarding the welfare state.
Q - Do you really think that in a thousand years the general judgment on Hitler will improve?
A - Of course. There will be squares named after him in Germany, and maybe elsewhere.

"Auschwitz was a prison camp with a high mortality" David Irving's controversial opinions cast doubts even on the magnitude of the Holocaust. The Englishman has dared to write that "Auschwitz wasn't created to kill human beings" but that it "was a slave-labour camp with a very high rate of mortality." While most other historians agree among themselves in describing this center as the symbol of Nazi horror, Irving believes that "the real Holocaust took place in Treblinka, Belzec, Majdanek and Sobibor". In his opinion Auschwitz inmates died of "typhus and other epidemics". While accepting that gas chambers did exist there, he points out that "they were in two small villas outside the camp perimeter. Nothing like you what see in the movies."

elmundo.es

Moratinos critica a EL MUNDO por dar espacio a un historiador negacionista

María Ramírez | Estocolmo

El ministro de Exteriores, Miguel Ángel Moratinos, ha criticado la publicación en EL MUNDO de una entrevista al historiador David Irving, un revisionista que ha sugerido que Adolf Hitler desconocía el exterminio judío.

Pese a que el texto, dentro de una serie de entrevistas sobre la Segunda Guerra Mundial, deja claro que el historiador ha sido repudiado por sus colegas y a que este diario publica un editorial crítico con el negacionismo –y no sólo de Irving-, Moratinos quiso expresar su malestar.

"Desde el más absoluto respeto a la libertad de expresión, el ministro de Exteriores lamenta que se dedique un espacio a un historiador que niega una de las mayores tragedias de la Historia contemporáneapara la humanidad y quiere hacer llegar su empatía y su comprensión porque este tipo de afirmaciones hieren profundamente la sensibilidad del pueblo hebreo", dijo su portavoz, tras una reunión de ministros de los Veintisiete en Estocolmo.

El editorial de EL MUNDO defiende la libertad de expresión, incluida la de Irving. "No compartimos la mayor parte de lo que dice, pero defendemos su derecho a decirlo", asegura.

Malestar en Israel

También la prensa israelí se ha hecho eco de la publicación de la entrevista. El periódico Yediot Ajaronot dedica al tema una página bajo el título 'A favor y en contra de la Shoah', informa Sal Emergui desde Jerusalén. "El diario español EL MUNDO concede una plataforma al negacionista del Holocausto en una serie por el 70º aniversario del inicio de la II Guerra Mundial", informa en una pieza que recoge el malestar israelí.

Este diario también critica la elección como "gran experto" de Irving, quien "afirmó que el Holocausto es un tema inflado, las cámaras de gas son una invención y los judíos son responsables de la crisis económica".

Asimismo, Haaretz titula sobre el tema: "Israel protestó enérgicamentepor la publicación de los argumentos de un negacionista de la Shoah en un diario español". Indica también que Irving estuvo en la cárcel por negar el Holocausto, y recuerda una de sus famosas frases: "Auschwitz fue una atracción turística".

El periódico Maariv, por su parte, cita la protesta del embajador israelí en España, Raphael Schutz: "Este hombre no tiene ni una gota de credibilidad y no puede ser incluido en la misma serie de entrevistas con reconocidos historiadores".

Todos los medios israelíes recogen la indignación del director del Museo del Holocausto en Jerusalén, Avner Shalev, incluido en la serie sin ser informado de la participación de Irving. "Hay temas en los que no hay a favor y en contra. El diario da legitimidad a un hombre que no se la merece", denuncia Shalev, cuya entrevista realizada por Sal Emergui fue publicada el pasado jueves en EL MUNDO. "Si llego a saberlo, al igual que otros historiadores entrevistados, no hubiera aceptado participar en esta serie de entrevistas", añadió Shalev.

Extractos de la entrevista

A continuación, algunas de las declaraciones de David Irving en la entrevista a EL MUNDO:

"El asesinato de judíos no fue un crimen por ser judíos, sino por ser judíos inocentes"

"La clave es cuánto sabía Hitler... Himmler tenía cuidado de no decirle nada"

"Hasta la década de los setenta no se empezó a hablar del Holocausto"

"Churchill empujó al país a la guerra y destruyó el Imperio británico"

"El de Auschwitz fue un campo de prisioneros con una alta mortandad"

Rematan antigüedades y muebles de fallecido escritor Miguel Serrano

Acuarelas del pintor Julio Escamez, un libro con el relato del Combate Naval de Iquique editado en 1880, el texto Alturas de Machu Picchu autografiado por Pablo Neruda y Mario Toral forman parte de los tesoros del fallecido escritor Miguel Serrano que saldrán a remate el próximo sábado por orden de su familia.

El también ex diplomático murió el 1 de marzo pasado: era sobrino del poeta Vicente Huidobro y perteneciente a la “generación del 38”. Publicó más de 10 libros y en su carrera en el mundo de las relaciones exteriores ocupó el cargo de embajador en India, Yugoslavia y Austria, entre otros países.

La subasta se efectuará en el departamento en el cual vivió Serrano en calle Santa Lucía 282. Allí mismo está en exposición parte del mobiliario de su departamento.

Para el día del remate se prevé que los valores de algunos objetos oscilarán entre los cien mil y los tres millones de pesos.

Un aviso publicado esta mañana convocó durante esta mañana a una serie de interesados en algunas de las antigüedades que se remontan hasta 1750, aproximadamente. Todos pudieron recorrer su living, el comedor y su habitación. En esta última, sobre la cabecera de su marquesa de nogal, hay un óleo con el nacimiento de Jesucristo.

Junto al libro que relata el sacrificio de Prat el 21 de mayo de 1879 hay un grabado del combate con las imágenes del héroe y Condell.

En la biblioteca también está la Historia de Chile de Encina.

Los escritos de Serrano, como sus conversaciones epistolares, no forman parte de la subasta.

Lasegundadigital.com

Manga Version of Hitler's Mein Kampf Sells 45,000

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The Japanese publisher East Press has sold 45,000 copies of the manga version of Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler's manifesto Mein Kampf, amid renewed calls to drop the manifesto's ban in Germany. It has been illegal to publish Mein Kampf in Germany since 1945, and the government enforces the ban through an unusual application of copyright laws.

Since the German state of Bavaria inherited the printing rights upon Hitler's suicide towards the end of World War II, the copyright holder (which is currently the Bavarian Finance Ministry) can prevent others from publishing the book in Germany. However, since the copyrights are set to expire in 2015 (the 70th anniversary of Hitler's death), some government and Jewish figures have called for publication under controlled conditions.

German Jewish author Rafael Seligmann called for its publication as early as 2004. In June, the Bavarian minister of science and research advocated a “decently prepared and well-grounded critical edition” to counter “charlatans and neo-Nazis" who "could seize this disgraceful work when Bavaria's rights run out.” Stephan Kramer, general secretary of the Central Council of Jews in Germany endorsed the possibility of an annotated edition on August 5 “to prevent neo-Nazis from profiting from it” and to “remove many of its false, persistent myths.”

However, Bavaria upheld the ban last month and rejected the Munich-based Institute of Contemporary History's request to publish the book. Bavarian Finance Ministry spokesperson Horst Wolf said, “Scholarly as the aims of the institute are, we won't lift the ban as it may play straight into the hands of the far-right." On the separate matter of the manga version, the ministry told the Asahi Shimbun paper, "We have trouble considering manga as an appropriate medium for critically presenting this problematic material."

Kōsuke Maruo, a 32-year-old editor at East Press, explained why his company produced the manga version of Mein Kampf: "It is a famous book, but there are few who have read it. I think it is [studying] material for knowing Hitler, a man synonymous with 'devil,' and what sort of thinking created that level of tragedy." While his company had no expectations on the manga's sales, it has sold 45,000 copies since last November. That is above the 35,000-copy average of the other books in the Manga de Dokuha series from East Press.

East Press publishes 43 Manga de Dokuha guides for Karl Marx's Das Kapital, Dante's Divine Comedy, Fyodor Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov and Crime and Punishment, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe's Faust, Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis, Niccolò Machiavelli's The Prince, Friedrich Nietzsche's Thus Spoke Zarathustra, Antoine De Saint-Exupéry's Night Flight, William Shakespeare's King Lear, Stendhal's The Red and the Black, Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, and other titles. One of the titles, Kenji Miyazawa's Night on the Galactic Railroad, has also been made into an anime movie by Gisaburô Sugii and Group TAC. Manga pioneer Osamu Tezuka created Adolf, a five-volume fictional manga portrayal of three men named Adolf — including Adolf Hitler. Viz Media published Tezuka's Adolf manga in North America.

Benedicto XVI condena el holocausto judío y pide combatir el antisemitismo

Benedicto XVI llegó hoy a Israel, donde condenó sin paliativos el holocausto de millones de judíos y pidió combatir el antisemitismo "donde esté, ya que por desgracia continúa levantando su repugnante cabeza en muchas partes de mundo".

EFE El Papa Ratzinger aprovechó su primer discurso en Israel para honrar a las víctimas del holocausto y cerrar definitivamente la polémica desatada por las declaraciones de un obispo tradicionalista "lefebvriano", lo que puso en pie de guerra a la comunidad judía. 

Aunque ya el Papa en numerosas ocasiones ha condenado la "shoah", hoy al pisar tierra judía volvió a expresar su repulsa por los daños causados al pueblo judío "por ideologías que niegan la dignidad fundamental de la persona".

"Es justo y conveniente que duramente mi permanencia en Israel honre la memoria de seis millones de judíos víctimas de la Shoah y que rece para que el mundo jamás tenga que ser testigo de un crimen de tal enormidad", dijo el Papa en su discurso ante el presidente de Israel, Simón Peres, y el primer ministro, Benjamín Netanyahu.

El Pontífice denunció que "por desgracia", el antisemitismo "continúa elevando su repugnante cabeza en muchas partes del mundo" y ello -subrayó- "es inaceptable".

El Papa alemán agregó que hay que hacer "todos los esfuerzos" para combatir el antisemitismo "allí donde se encuentre" y para promover el respeto y la estima para todos los pueblos, razas, idiomas y naciones del mundo.

Las relaciones entre el Vaticano y el mundo judíos, que siempre han estado marcadas por el recelo, se deterioraron a primeros de años después de que el prelado Richard Williamson, uno de los cuatro obispos "lefebvrianos" a los que Benedicto XVI acababa de levantar la excomunión negase la existencia de las cámaras de gas y dijo que sólo 300.000 judíos y no seis millones de judíos murieron en los campos de concentración nazis, "y ninguno gaseado".

Aunque el Vaticano siempre ha dicho que basta con que hubiera sido gaseado un judío para condenar el holocausto, con la precisión que hizo hoy el Papa de "seis millones", los observadores vaticanos vieron una referencia en la que de nuevo desautorizaba al prelado negacionbista, al que ha exigido que se retracte públicamente para poder ejercer.

Las declaraciones de Williamson, pusieron en pie de guerra a la comunidad judía internacional y desencadenó una oleada de críticas al Vaticano y al Papa, entre ellas de destacados políticos europeos, como la canciller alemana Angela Merkel.

Merkel instó al Papa alemán a "dejar claro" que el Vaticano no tolera la negación del Holocausto, mientras que el Rabinato de Israel rompió relaciones con el Vaticano.

Benedicto XVI se vio obligado a salir en primera persona a condenar una vez más el holocausto, al que consideró "un crimen contra Dios y la humanidad" y afirmó que "la minimización de este terrible crimen es intolerable y totalmente inaceptable".

El Papa alemán pisará en esta jornada el Museo del Holocausto, de Jerusalén, donde se espera vuelva a hacer una nueva condena de la matanza de judíos.

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Lo que realmente dijo el obispo Williamson

El diario de Madrid “El País“, día tras día continúa insistiendo en el tema de las declaraciones del obispo británico Richard Williamson. Pero esta vez, en vez de interpretar sus palabras, las recoge textualmente:

Pregunta: Obispo Williamson, ¿son éstas sus palabras?: “No hubo ningún judío que muriera en las cámaras de gas, son todo mentiras, mentiras, mentiras”. ¿Son éstas sus palabras?

Respuesta: Sí, creo que está citando algo que dije en Canadá hace muchos años. Creo que las pruebas históricas están seriamente, enormemente, en contra de que se gaseara deliberadamente a seis millones de judíos en las cámaras de gas, como política deliberada de Adolf Hitler.

P. Pero usted dice que no murió ni un solo judío…

R. En cámaras de gas. No murió ninguno en cámaras de gas.

P. Es decir, que no hubo cámaras de gas.

R. Creo que no hubo cámaras de gas. No hubo cámaras de gas. Por las pruebas que he estudiado, no por ninguna emoción, sino por lo que he entendido de las pruebas que existen… Creo, por ejemplo, que los que están en contra de la opinión general hoy sobre el llamado Holocausto, los revisionistas, como se les llama, los revisionistas más serios, han llegado a la conclusión de que murieron entre 200.000 y 300.000 judíos en los campos de concentración nazis, pero ninguno de ellos lo hizo en cámara de gas. Quizá ha oído hablar del Informe Leuchter. Fred Leuchter era un experto en cámaras de gas, diseñó tres cámaras de gas para tres Estados de Estados Unidos, para la ejecución de criminales. Es decir, sabe en qué consisten. Y él estudió lo que quedaba de las supuestas cámaras de gas en los años ochenta. Los crematorios de Birkenau-Auschwitz, por ejemplo. Y su conclusión como experto fue que era imposible que esos lugares hubieran podido servir alguna vez para gasear a un gran número de personas. Porque el gas de cianuro es muy peligroso. Supongamos que uno gasea a 300 personas apiñadas en una cámara, y esas personas llevan algo de ropa. Es muy peligroso entrar luego a sacar los cadáveres, porque un poco de gas que haya quedado en la ropa puede matar a esa persona. Es extremadamente peligroso. Una vez que se ha gaseado a esa gente hay que ventilar la cámara, evacuar todo el gas, para poder entrar y volver a utilizarla. Y, para eliminar el gas, hace falta una chimenea muy alta. Si es una chimenea baja, el gas se expande por el suelo y mata a cualquiera que camine por la zona. Si hubiera habido una chimenea muy alta, habría proyectado su sombra sobre el suelo casi a cualquier hora del día, y los fotógrafos aéreos que sobrevolaban los campos la habrían capturado. Y en esas fotos no hubo nunca esas sombras. Es decir, no hubo chimeneas. Lo cual refuerza el argumento de Leuchter. Otra cosa en la que se fija son las puertas. Tienen que ser completamente herméticas, porque, en caso contrario, el gas se escapa y mata a quienes estén fuera. Pues bien, las puertas de la cámara de gas que enseñan a los turistas en Auschwitz no son herméticas.

P. Lo que dice usted es que el Holocausto no ocurrió, al menos no como lo describe hoy la Historia.

R. Me fío de lo que me parecen pruebas históricas, según personas que han observado y examinado esas pruebas. Creo en sus conclusiones -y, si llegaran a otra conclusión, les haría caso-, porque me parece que se basan en pruebas. Creo que murieron entre 200.000 y 300.000 judíos en los campos de concentración nazis, pero ninguno en cámara de gas.

P. Si esto no es antisemitismo, ¿qué es antisemitismo?

R. Si el antisemitismo es malo, es cuando va en contra de la verdad. Si algo es verdad, no es malo. No me interesa la palabra antisemitismo, es muy peligrosa.

P. El obispo le ha llamado antisemita.

R. El obispo puede llamarme lo que quiera, dinosaurio, idiota, lo que quiera. No es cuestión de llamarnos cosas, es una cuestión de verdad histórica. La verdad histórica no depende de las emociones, sino de las pruebas. No hay duda de que se ha explotado tremendamente. Alemania ha pagado miles de millones de marcos, y ahora de euros, porque tienen complejo de culpa por haber gaseado a seis millones de judíos. Pero yo no creo que fuera así. Cuidado, esto que estoy diciendo es ilegal en Alemania. Por favor, le pido… Si hubiera aquí algún representante del Estado alemán, usted podría enviarme a la cárcel por esto.

____________________

Cronología, según “El País”:

1 de noviembre de 2008. Los periodistas Ali Fegan y Lars- Göran Svensson, de la televisión pública sueca (STV), entrevistan en Baviera a Richard Williamson. Ha recibido miles de visitas en YouTube.

21 de enero de 2009. Se emite La cruzada sueca.

23 de enero. La Fiscalía de Ratisbona (Baviera) abre una investigación.

24 de enero. El Papa hace pública la rehabilitación de 4 obispos.

26-30 de enero. Protestas en Alemania e Israel. Benedicto XVI condena el negacionismo. Williamson pide disculpas al Papa “por las molestias”.

3 de febrero. La canciller de Alemania Angela Merkel pide al papa que “ponga bien claro” que no puede negarse el Holocausto. Arrecian las críticas contra el Vaticano en Alemania.

4 de febrero. La Secretaría de Estado del Vaticano pide a Williamson que se retracte.